Are there risk factors for snowboard injuries? A case-control multicentre study of 559 snowboarders.

Br J Sports Med. 2010 Sep;44(11):816-821

Authors: Hasler RM, Berov S, Benneker L, Dubler S, Spycher J, Heim D, Zimmermann H, Exadaktylos AK

Objective To analyse risk factors leading to injuries during snowboarding. Design A case-control multicentre survey of injured and non-injured snowboarders. Setting One tertiary and two secondary trauma centres in Bern, Switzerland. Methods All snowboard injuries admitted to our tertiary and two affiliated secondary trauma centres from 1 November 2007 to 15 April 2008 were analysed on the basis of a completed questionnaire incorporating 15 variables. The same questionnaire was applied in non-injured controls at valley stations after a snowboarding day during the same period. A multiple logistic regression was performed (dichotomous variables). Patterns of combined risk factors were calculated by inference trees. Results 306 patients and 253 controls were interviewed. The following variables were statistically significant for the injured PATIENTS: low readiness for speed (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.64, p=0.0037), bad weather/visibility (OR 19.06, 95% CI 2.70 to 134.73, p=0.0031) and old snow (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.68, p=0.0323). Not wearing a helmet and riding on icy slopes emerged as a combination of risk factors associated with injury. Conclusions Several risk factors and combinations exist, and different risk profiles were identified. Future research should be aimed at more precise identification of groups at risk and developing specific recommendations for each group-for example, a snow-weather conditions index at valley stations.

20820060

– Are there risk factors for snowboard injuries? A case-control multicentre study of 559 snowboarders.

Looking for more fun in the snow, then why not dog sledding, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing, to name a few! Once you have arrived in Breckenridge, you’ll never run out of activities.

Thrills, challenge and adventure await those seeking to brave the mountain terrains of Breckenridge Colorado. With four peaks of snow covered slopes, skiers as well as snowboarders will enjoy more than 2,300 acres of diverse terrains from overwhelming 55 degree pitches on Peak 8 to the 3.5 mile Four O’ Clock Run – the longest trail in Breckenridge.

Dare to brave the Superpipe with 18 foot walls? Snowboarders will enjoy five terrain parks among the mountain peaks. Lastly, with 30 lifts such as the brand new BreckConnect, overall lift to the mountains averages greater than 40,000 skiers per hour. Now that is extraordinary! And don’t worry about navigating around, Breckenridge resorts offers free trolley as well as shuttle service to all visitors.

But where you can stay in Breckenridge? No worries, the choices are extensive from rustic Breckenridge mountain lodges providing warm and cozy retreats to youth-style hostels offering the merely the bare necessities. Whatever you’re accustomed to, you’ll discover a suitable villa or hotel room for every taste and budget.

Whatever brings you to Breckenridge resorts, you’ll find thrills and adventure, wonderful Breckenridge Lodging, delectable dining, culture and more in one of Colorado’s top ski locations.

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The flowboard is a snowboard simulating board that has lots of wheels. It certainly has many more wheels than any other board that I know of.

The flowboard doesn’t have trucks on it. Instead there are seven wheels side by side in a curve. This enables the flowboard to carve up to 45 degree turns. The flowboard is a great board for carving down roads.

With only two wheels on caster trucks, the t-board does an excellent job reproducing the feel of snowboarding on snow, except on pavement. Tierney rides makes the t-board, which carves and feels similar to how a snowboard reacts when it is carving on it’s edge on snow.

The other boards both do a great job simulating the carving experience in snowboarding. The next board I’ll tell you about is called the freebord. It does more than just reproduce how it feels to carve on snow, by also bringing in the sliding experience in snowboarding.

The freebord has four outside wheels (two on each side) that simulate the edge of a snowboard. With the freebord you can control your speed and stop as you would on a snowboard. On the bottom of the freebord there are two wheels that make the board ride and slide similar to a snowboard. These wheels make it so you can slide and drift into a switch stance while riding down a hill.

Don’t let your snowboarding skills deteriorate in the off season. With one of the above boards you can continue to improve your skills and prepare yourself for the next snowboarding season!

A flowboard, t-board, or freebord will bring the experience of snowboarding into the off season. Ride one and keep your skills sharp and get ready for the snowboarding season. You won’t need a lift ticket to feel like your snowboarding again! All you’ll need is a paved hill, and away you go!

To find out what else you can do in the off season, check out ActionIsle, a site full of extreme toys, alternative boards, and all things fun!

Place

First thing you can do is to think of other ski destinations that are less expensive. You don’t need to travel far and wide just to ski, you can pick a place that’s closer to home. For example, do you live in Los Angeles? If so, then how considering going to closer ski resorts like Mammoth Mountain or Big Bear. If you pick a skiing destination that’s close to your home, you’ll save a lot on travel time and costs. In fact, some of these resorts offer locals some special deals.

Travel Options

If you’ll be flying to a ski destination, then you’ll need transportation to take to and from the airport. Renting a vehicle would mean renting an SUV, and this is expensive when it comes to gas. However, you wouldn’t be using your rental car a lot. If you’re looking for a more economical option, then consider taking an airport shuttle. It will save you rental costs and gas costs, as well as insurance and other fees required for a rental.

Your Equipment

Rent equipment if you’re on a budget and old ski equipment isn’t exactly top of the line. It’s more cost effective if you rent, especially if don’t ski more than once or twice during the season.

Perfect Timing

It’s all in the timing, so you need to be flexible if you want to get better deals on ski packages, transportation and resorts. If you want better deals then don’t wait until it’s late in the season. If you are going to plan a trip, avoid doing so around all holidays. Since people have more time off during holidays, the cost of your vacation will be more. To save more money, avoid planning during major holidays like Christmas, Thanksgiving, and Easter.

Where will you be staying?

Great timing is useful to find good deals, but to have better options you also need to be flexible in your choice of accommodations. It’s wise to call the lodges and compare their prices. You also need to know all you can about special deals.

Getting Package Deals

Getting package deals are also important if you want to ski on a budget. Package deals are often by travel companies, hotels, or airlines that want to drum up their business or eliminate any excess inventory at a lower cost. Included in package deals are air, transportation and even meals and lift passes. Many online travel sites can provide you with great package deals. It is also useful to consider the last minute travel options. You can still have great deals especially if you’re willing to travel on such short notice.

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The Technical Difficulties is the most famous and number one snowboard movie according to the fans. This film is totally based on the snowboarding and you will see some nice action on the snowy mountains in this film. Besides that, the film also has a reputation for excellent music. It includes soundtracks from the artists like Foo Fighters and Chrome Locust.

Who has never had a taste of that, can satisfy the curiosity and will end up with the feeling of giving it a try through movies. Several productions that have the keyword snowboard are available and they rely on the stars of the sport to do a great show, not just in what concern movies standards, but also to what makes the audience have a true taste of professional snowboarding, with all its techniques and practices that are hair-raising.

There are several titles available today with this issue for those who want to venture through the screens. For those who have never seen a snowboarding film, certainly the best known and renowned, and which can be used as reference in the area is Technical Difficulties, with a special guest and professional snowboarding legend – Peter Line. Music is another important feature of this film, which makes a perfect match with the storyline.

Among some of the best films about snowboarding, the Technical Difficulties is classified as best in different categories including action, special effects and thriller by the snowboarding lovers. Decade, another five-star sports fan based movie and Pulse, mostly notable for its top class soundtrack, were major hits in the chart and very popular among the fans.

Learn more about snowboard movie . Stop by Janine Balfour’s site where you can find out all about movie and what it can do for you.

Different brands producing different equipment can create some compatibility issues between equipment on the market. Certain bindings will only work specific boards or bindings. Of the equipment you buy, the boots are arguably the most important piece. Well fit boots are safer and stress free, while a poorly fit pair will ruin a day on the hill with constant foot pain. The experience of a good retailer will save you time, and ensure that all of your gear is compatible and fits you.

Usually, companies will offer significant deals on packages that include board, boots and bindings. Some retailers will let you mix and match equipment from their stock to get the colors and styles you prefer. Prices will range per package as the quality of equipment varies.

In addition to discounted prices, retailers will often throw in a extras or freebies such as gloves, goggles or lift tickets in an effort to move product. The gear that doesn’t sell this year, will end up as overstock on the sale rack at the end of the season, or next year.

Choosing a reputable retailer is important when investing in a package. Because you are buying everything from one source, you will handle any warranties or returns through that same company. Look for a store that offers continued support for their products after the sale.

Gear choice is an important step for all snowboarders. To save time, money and hassle, snowboard packages offer a great way to make your first investment in the sport. Take the time to find a good dealer and have a enjoyable season.

You should definitely check out the snowboards for sale website for totally free information, reviews along with a wonderful offering of goods. Numerous very good articles or blog posts on snowboard packages. Visit http://snowboardsonsale.net today.

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in snowboarders: a quadriceps-induced injury.

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009 Sep;17(9):1048-51

Authors: Davies H, Tietjens B, Van Sterkenburg M, Mehgan A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in snowboarders are rare. However, in expert boarders landing big jumps, ACL injuries are occurring more frequently. We identified 35 snowboarders with an identical injury mechanism. All these patients were landing from a jump. All described a flat landing on a flexed knee with significant knee compression. In 31 of 35 boarders, it was the front knee that was injured. Only two riders felt there was any twisting component to their injury. We postulate that the ACL rupture is due to maximal eccentric quadriceps contraction, as the boarder resists a compressive landing. Internal tibial rotation of the front knee in the snowboarding stance results in preloading of the ACL predisposing to injury.

19083202

– Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in snowboarders: a quadriceps-induced injury.

Spinal injuries in sports.

Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2009 Feb;20(1):55-68, vii

Authors: Boden BP, Jarvis CG

Athletic competition has long been a known source of spinal injuries. Approximately 8.7% of all new cases of spinal cord injuries in the United States are related to sports activities. The sports activities that have the highest risk of catastrophic spinal injuries are football, ice hockey, wrestling, diving, skiing, snowboarding, rugby, and cheerleading. Axial compression forces to the top of the head can lead to cervical fracture and quadriplegia in any sport. It is critical for any medical personnel responsible for athletes in team sports to have a plan for stabilization and transfer of an athlete who sustains a cervical spine injury.

19084763 [PubMed]

– Spinal injuries in sports.

Alpine ski and snowboarding traumatic injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years.

Am J Surg. 2009 May;197(5):560-3; discussion 563-4

Authors: McBeth PB, Ball CG, Mulloy RH, Kirkpatrick AW

BACKGROUND: Alpine skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports in Canada. Every year participation in these activities results in traumatic injury. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and injury patterns, as well as risk factors associated with ski and snowboarding injuries. METHODS: A comprehensive 10-year retrospective review of Alpine ski and snowboarding injuries from 1996 to 2006 was conducted. The Alberta Trauma Registry was used as the primary source of data. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients (56.6% skiers, 43.4% snowboarders) were identified as having major traumatic injuries (Injury Severity Score, >or=12). Forty-three patients required intensive care unit support. The majority of injuries were related to falls and collisions with natural objects. Head injuries were most common, followed by chest, spinal, and extremity trauma. Seventy-nine patients required emergency surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Skiing and snowboarding represent activities with high potential for traumatic injury. Safety initiatives should be developed to target this population.

19306973

– Alpine ski and snowboarding traumatic injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years.

National survey on sports injuries in the Netherlands: target populations for sports injury prevention programs.

Clin J Sport Med. 2009 Mar;19(2):101-6

Authors: Schmikli SL, Backx FJ, Kemler HJ, van Mechelen W

OBJECTIVE: To define target populations for sports injury prevention programs. DESIGN: A computer-assisted telephone survey on sports injuries and sports participation during 2000-2005 using a 3-month recall period. SETTING: Data obtained from a representative sample of Dutch citizens. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-eight thousand four hundred five Dutch citizens aged older than 3 years. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS: Age, gender, and type of sports were used to distinguish subgroups with a substantial contribution to sports injuries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The absolute number of sports injuries, the incidence of sports injuries per 10,000 hours, the severity, and costs of sports injuries. RESULTS: Sports participation was associated with 1.5 million injuries per year and 10 injuries per 10,000 hours; of these, 50% had to be treated medically. Two-thirds of all medically treated sports injuries were associated with 9 sports (representing 18 subpopulations, all younger than 55 years): outdoor soccer (males 4-54 years and females 4-17 years), indoor soccer (males 18-34 years), tennis (males/females 35-54 years), volleyball (females 18-54 years), field hockey (males 18-34 years and females 4-17 years), running/jogging (males/females 35-54 years), gymnastics (males/females 4-17 years), skiing/snowboarding (males 4-17 years and females 18-34 years), and equestrian sports (females 18-34 years). These groups showed more than average injury rates and covered two-thirds of all direct and indirect costs (euro 400 million). CONCLUSIONS: The survey identified the most important (sports-, age-, and gender-specific) target populations for injury prevention programs in the Netherlands. Sports participants aged older than 55 years were excluded from these target groups because of their limited contribution to the total sports injury problem.

19451763

– National survey on sports injuries in the Netherlands: target populations for sports injury prevention programs.

Snowboarding injuries: a review of the literature and an analysis of the potential use of portable ultrasound for mountainside diagnostics.

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2009 Mar;2(1):25-9

Authors: Nowak MR, Kirkpatrick AW, Bouffard JA, Amponsah D, Dulchavsky SA

Snowboarding has become a popular recreational and professional sport. Participants suffer a variety of injuries, especially of the extremities, that require medical evaluation. This article reviews the reported injuries to both leisure and elite athletes. To many, an injured extremity requires travel to a medical facility for accurate evaluation. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an accurate and portable technology that can be used for real time, mountainside diagnoses of these injuries.

19468915 [PubMed]

– Snowboarding injuries: a review of the literature and an analysis of the potential use of portable ultrasound for mountainside diagnostics.

Effect of simulated lateral process talus “fracture excision” on its ligamentous attachments.

Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2009 May;38(5):222-6

Authors: Langer P, Nickisch F, Spenciner D, DiGiovanni C

Recent epidemiologic studies highlight lateral talar process fractures as snowboarder’s fracture or snowboarder’s ankle. Snowboarding is the fastest growing sport worldwide, so lateral talar process fractures are increasing in frequency and mandating a more careful assessment of injury patterns, surrounding tissue involvement, and treatment strategy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of lateral talar process fracture on the footprints of 3 lateral stabilizing ligaments of the ankle and subtalar joint-the lateral talocalcaneal ligament (LTCL), the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), and the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). The musculotendinous structures from 10 fresh cadaveric limbs were removed and the distal fibula reflected to provide visualization of the lateral talar process and ligamentous attachments. Length and width of the LTCL, ATFL, and PTFL footprints on the lateral process of the talus were measured with calipers before and after removal of a 1-cm(3) simulated fracture fragment. Relative changes in the attachment site areas for the 3 ligaments were determined. Mean pre-excision footprint areas were 80.57 mm(2) (LTCL), 224.38 mm(2) (ATFL), and 394.18 mm(2) (PTFL); mean postexcision footprint areas were 2.10 mm(2) (LTCL), 194.89 mm(2) (ATFL), and 335.18 mm(2) (PTFL); and mean decreases calculated as percentages of the original areas were 97.5% +/- 3.5% (LTCL), 11.7% +/- 13.0% (ATFL), and 14.3% +/- 12.3% (PTFL). Removal of a 1-cm(3) bony fragment from the lateral talar process involves 3 of the major lateral stabilizing ligaments: approximately 100% of LTCL and approximately 10% to 15% of ATFL and PTFL.

19584991

– Effect of simulated lateral process talus "fracture excision" on its ligamentous attachments.

[Review of patients with musculoskeletal injury treated during winter months in a highland hospital]

Cas Lek Cesk. 2009;148(7):303-8

Authors: Rousek M, Rousek M, Dzupa V

BACKGROUND: The authors examined the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries according to their type and location in the period of winter at a highland hospital, which also functions as a regional hospital for a few winter sport resorts. METHODS AND RESULTS:. In the sample there were 1644 patients (696 women, 948 men) treated for primary musculoskeletal injuries from 1.1. to 31.3.2008. This was a retrospective study; the data were collected from medical reports. It included: age, sex, mechanism of injury, diagnosis and whether the patient had to be hospitalised or not. Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 95 years with an average of 29 years (31 for women and 28 for men). Younger age groups dominated among men. After 70 years of age there was a prevalence of women. Fractures were the most common cause of injury (653, 39.7%), followed by injuries to the joints’ ligamentary apparatus by mechanism of distortion (379, 23.1%). Next in incidence were soft tissue injuries caused by contusion (325, 19.7%) and open wounds (241, 14.7%). The least common were luxated joints (43, 2.6%) and closed injury to muscles and tendons (3, 0.1%). The most frequent site of injury was the hand (404, 24.6%), while the least frequent place was the thigh (17, 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion the study confirmed that other than the age, gender and the season, the geographic location also influences the spectrum of musculoskeletal injuries. The study also showed that the most common type of injuries was that of the upper extremity. The study did not confirm the expected prevalence of fractures among women. The prevalence of men was probably because of the prevalence of winter sport activities as a leading cause of injury (mostly skiing and snowboarding).

19642295

– [Review of patients with musculoskeletal injury treated during winter months in a highland hospital]